Apparatuses and methods for managing tasks in accordance with alertness levels and thresholds

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, obtaining data from a plurality of sensors at a first point in time, analyzing the data to identify a first level of alertness of a user, predicting a second level of alertness that is required by the user to operate a machine at a second point in time that is subsequent to the first point in time, comparing the first level of alertness to the second level of alertness to generate a first comparison result, identifying a first type of a first notification based on the first comparison result, identifying a third point in time to provide the first notification based on the first comparison result, wherein the third point in time is subsequent to the first point in time and prior to the second point in time, and providing the first notification at the third point in time. Other embodiments are disclosed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/807,313 filed on Mar. 3, 2020. All sections of the aforementionedapplication are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The subject disclosure relates to apparatuses and methods for managingtasks in accordance with alertness levels and thresholds.

BACKGROUND

As the world becomes increasingly connected through communicationnetworks and numerous types of communication devices, additionalopportunities are generated for assisting a user of such networks anddevices in connection with various tasks. For example, many tasks arebeing at least partially automated to relive a user of the burden ofhaving to fully perform such tasks. Automation is beginning to take afoothold in connection with machinery, such as for examplevehicle/vehicular operations. It is anticipated that vehiculartechnology will become sufficiently mature to relieve users of the needto “be engaged” behind the wheel/steering column. However, there islikely going to be a phase-in period where the vehicle will generally beable to drive/operate itself, but will at times require user/driverinput/assistance to facilitate safe and efficient navigation.

In many applications and environments, users are required to make rapiddecisions. Those decisions, and accompanying workload demands, maycreate a cognitive burden on a user that are not tracked (e.g., by countor frequency). Still further, while there may be opportunities tomitigate the impact of the burden, the mitigation techniques frequentlyimpose additional burdens that must be remembered/tracked/scheduled.Moreover, decision-making processes may be subject to fatigue, where thefatigue may be manifested in one or more forms—e.g., mental fatigue,physical fatigue, group-based workload fatigue [which may be based onsocial dynamics within a group], etc. In many instances, fatigue maycause a user to become reluctant/hesitant to make a decision, and mayincrease the time of the user to respond to a particular task or set ofinputs, conditions, or events.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are notnecessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary, non-limitingembodiment of a communications network in accordance with variousaspects described herein.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a system functioning within the communication network ofFIG. 1 in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2B depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method in accordancewith various aspects described herein.

FIG. 2C is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a system functioning within the communication network ofFIG. 1 in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a virtualized communication network in accordance withvarious aspects described herein.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of acomputing environment in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of amobile network platform in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of acommunication device in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject disclosure describes, among other things, illustrativeembodiments for facilitating a performance of one or more tasks oroperations based on levels of alertness/engagement in respect of one ormore thresholds. Other embodiments are described in the subjectdisclosure.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include obtaining datafrom a plurality of sensors at a first point in time, analyzing the datato identify a first level of alertness of a user, predicting a secondlevel of alertness that is required by the user to operate a machine ata second point in time that is subsequent to the first point in time,comparing the first level of alertness to the second level of alertnessto generate a first comparison result, identifying a first type of afirst notification based on the first comparison result, identifying athird point in time to provide the first notification based on the firstcomparison result, wherein the third point in time is subsequent to thefirst point in time and prior to the second point in time, and providingthe first notification at the third point in time.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include obtaining datafrom a plurality of sensors associated with a machine, identifying afirst level of alertness of a user of the machine in accordance with thedata, predicting a first operation needed of the machine, wherein thefirst operation occurs subsequent to the identifying of the first levelof alertness of the user, resulting in a predicted operation,identifying a second level of alertness required of the user to performthe predicted operation, responsive to determining that the user isinsufficiently alert to perform the predicted operation in accordancewith the first level of alertness and the second level of alertness:identifying a second operation to be performed in lieu of the firstoperation or in conjunction with the first operation, and responsive todetermining that the user is sufficiently alert to perform the predictedoperation in accordance with the first level of alertness and the secondlevel of alertness: identifying a notification to provide to the user,resulting in an identified notification, and providing the identifiednotification to the user.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include obtaining datafrom a plurality of sensors associated with a primary task at a firstpoint in time, wherein a first user assists in a performance of theprimary task, predicting an operation required of the first user toassist in the performance of the primary task at a second point in timethat is subsequent to the first point in time, resulting in a predictedoperation, determining at a third point in time that is subsequent tothe first point in time and prior to the second point in time, that thefirst user is engaged in the primary task in an amount that is greaterthan a first threshold, and responsive to the determining that the firstuser is engaged in the primary task in an amount that is greater thanthe first threshold: identifying a notification to provide to the firstuser in relation to the predicted operation, and identifying a fourthpoint in time that is subsequent to the third point in time and prior tothe second point in time, and providing the notification to the firstuser at the fourth point in time.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a block diagram is shown illustrating anexample, non-limiting embodiment of a communications network 100 inaccordance with various aspects described herein. For example,communications network 100 can facilitate in whole or in part obtainingdata from a plurality of sensors at a first point in time, analyzing thedata to identify a first level of alertness of a user, predicting asecond level of alertness that is required by the user to operate amachine at a second point in time that is subsequent to the first pointin time, comparing the first level of alertness to the second level ofalertness to generate a first comparison result, identifying a firsttype of a first notification based on the first comparison result,identifying a third point in time to provide the first notificationbased on the first comparison result, wherein the third point in time issubsequent to the first point in time and prior to the second point intime, and providing the first notification at the third point in time.Communications network 100 can facilitate in whole or in part obtainingdata from a plurality of sensors associated with a machine, identifyinga first level of alertness of a user of the machine in accordance withthe data, predicting a first operation needed of the machine, whereinthe first operation occurs subsequent to the identifying of the firstlevel of alertness of the user, resulting in a predicted operation,identifying a second level of alertness required of the user to performthe predicted operation, responsive to determining that the user isinsufficiently alert to perform the predicted operation in accordancewith the first level of alertness and the second level of alertness:identifying a second operation to be performed in lieu of the firstoperation or in conjunction with the first operation, and responsive todetermining that the user is sufficiently alert to perform the predictedoperation in accordance with the first level of alertness and the secondlevel of alertness: identifying a notification to provide to the user,resulting in an identified notification, and providing the identifiednotification to the user. Communications network 100 can facilitate inwhole or in part obtaining data from a plurality of sensors associatedwith a primary task at a first point in time, wherein a first userassists in a performance of the primary task, predicting an operationrequired of the first user to assist in the performance of the primarytask at a second point in time that is subsequent to the first point intime, resulting in a predicted operation, determining at a third pointin time that is subsequent to the first point in time and prior to thesecond point in time, that the first user is engaged in the primary taskin an amount that is greater than a first threshold, and responsive tothe determining that the first user is engaged in the primary task in anamount that is greater than the first threshold: identifying anotification to provide to the first user in relation to the predictedoperation, and identifying a fourth point in time that is subsequent tothe third point in time and prior to the second point in time, andproviding the notification to the first user at the fourth point in time

In particular, in FIG. 1 a communications network 125 is presented forproviding broadband access 110 to a plurality of data terminals 114 viaaccess terminal 112, wireless access 120 to a plurality of mobiledevices 124 and vehicle 126 via base station or access point 122, voiceaccess 130 to a plurality of telephony devices 134, via switching device132 and/or media access 140 to a plurality of audio/video displaydevices 144 via media terminal 142. In addition, communication network125 is coupled to one or more content sources 175 of audio, video,graphics, text and/or other media. While broadband access 110, wirelessaccess 120, voice access 130 and media access 140 are shown separately,one or more of these forms of access can be combined to provide multipleaccess services to a single client device (e.g., mobile devices 124 canreceive media content via media terminal 142, data terminal 114 can beprovided voice access via switching device 132, and so on).

The communications network 125 includes a plurality of network elements(NE) 150, 152, 154, 156, etc. for facilitating the broadband access 110,wireless access 120, voice access 130, media access 140 and/or thedistribution of content from content sources 175. The communicationsnetwork 125 can include a circuit switched or packet switched network, avoice over Internet protocol (VoIP) network, Internet protocol (IP)network, a cable network, a passive or active optical network, a 4G, 5G,or higher generation wireless access network, WIMAX network,UltraWideband network, personal area network or other wireless accessnetwork, a broadcast satellite network and/or other communicationsnetwork.

In various embodiments, the access terminal 112 can include a digitalsubscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), cable modem terminationsystem (CMTS), optical line terminal (OLT) and/or other access terminal.The data terminals 114 can include personal computers, laptop computers,netbook computers, tablets or other computing devices along with digitalsubscriber line (DSL) modems, data over coax service interfacespecification (DOCSIS) modems or other cable modems, a wireless modemsuch as a 4G, 5G, or higher generation modem, an optical modem and/orother access devices.

In various embodiments, the base station or access point 122 can includea 4G, 5G, or higher generation base station, an access point thatoperates via an 802.11 standard such as 802.11n, 802.11ac or otherwireless access terminal. The mobile devices 124 can include mobilephones, e-readers, tablets, phablets, wireless modems, and/or othermobile computing devices.

In various embodiments, the switching device 132 can include a privatebranch exchange or central office switch, a media services gateway, VoIPgateway or other gateway device and/or other switching device. Thetelephony devices 134 can include traditional telephones (with orwithout a terminal adapter), VoIP telephones and/or other telephonydevices.

In various embodiments, the media terminal 142 can include a cablehead-end or other TV head-end, a satellite receiver, gateway or othermedia terminal 142. The display devices 144 can include televisions withor without a set top box, personal computers and/or other displaydevices.

In various embodiments, the content sources 175 include broadcasttelevision and radio sources, video on demand platforms and streamingvideo and audio services platforms, one or more content data networks,data servers, web servers and other content servers, and/or othersources of media.

In various embodiments, the communications network 125 can includewired, optical and/or wireless links and the network elements 150, 152,154, 156, etc. can include service switching points, signal transferpoints, service control points, network gateways, media distributionhubs, servers, firewalls, routers, edge devices, switches and othernetwork nodes for routing and controlling communications traffic overwired, optical and wireless links as part of the Internet and otherpublic networks as well as one or more private networks, for managingsubscriber access, for billing and network management and for supportingother network functions.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a system 200 a functioning within, or operatively overlaidupon, the communication network 100 of FIG. 1 in accordance with variousaspects described herein. The system 200 a may be used to manage/controlaspects of automated and semi-autonomous technologies, such as forexample vehicular/vehicle operations. In particular, and as described infurther detail below (in relation to the steps/operations that may beperformed via a method 200 b of FIG. 2B), the system 200 a maycontrol/regulate an extent/degree to which a user is requested toperform vehicular operations, identify one or more types/kinds ofoperations to be performed, and monitor user and vehicleoperations/behaviors to facilitate future recommendations/suggestions.

The system 200 a may include one or more sensors 202 a, a data storage206 a, and a processing system 210 a. The sensors 202 a may include oneor more: temperature sensors, microphones, location-tracking sensors,cameras, gaze-tracking sensors, biometric sensors (e.g., heart ratemonitors, perspiration monitors, pulse monitors), etc. The data storage206 a may include, e.g., a database, a memory, acomputer-readable/machine-readable medium, etc. The processing system210 a may include one or more processors, potentially organized/arrangedas part of a distributed computing environment.

The sensors 202 a, the data storage 206 a, and the processing system 210a may be communicatively coupled with one another via one or morenetworks 214 a. In some embodiments, in addition to assisting withvehicle operations the networks 214 a may facilitate: one or morecommunication sessions, a transfer/conveyance of data associated with amedia presentation, etc.

Referring now to FIG. 2B, an illustrative embodiment of a method 200 bin accordance with various aspects described herein is shown. The method200 b may be partially or wholly executed by one or more systems,devices, and/or components, such as for example the systems, devices,and components described herein. For example, and to facilitate ease indescription and illustration, operations of the method 200 b aredescribed below in relation to the system 200 a of FIG. 2A. Todemonstrate, aspects of the method 200 b may be performed/executed bythe processing system 210 a of FIG. 2A.

The method 200 b may be executed/used to generate one or morerecommendations or suggestions regarding machinery, including operationsassociated with machinery. For example, and as described further below,aspects of the method 200 b may control/regulate an allocation of tasksassociated with operating a vehicle as between a user (e.g., a driver)and the vehicle. The use of a vehicle in the description of the method200 b that follows is representative of a particularembodiment/use-case; aspects of the method 200 b may be applied inconnection with other embodiments, including embodiments associated withother types/forms/kinds of machinery/machines.

In block 204 b, one or more profiles may be obtained. For example, aspart of block 204 b, the processing system 210 a may obtain one or moreprofiles from the data storage 206 a. The profiles of block 204 b mayinclude a profile associated with one or more identifiable/identifiedusers of a vehicle, such as a driver of the vehicle. The profiles ofblock 204 b may include one or more profiles associated with a pool orcommunity of users, where members of the pool/community may, or mightnot, be known to the user. The profiles of block 204 b may includedata/parameters/characteristics associated with the vehicle, such as forexample an identification of a make and model of the vehicle,service/maintenance records/logs associated with the vehicle, governmentor manufacturer notices (e.g., recall notices) associated with thevehicle, etc.

The operations of block 204 b may be invoked based on a user request.The operations of block 204 b may be invoked in response to a userlogging-in/signing-in to a navigation assistance application or thelike, subscribing to a service, etc. The operations of block 204 b maybe invoked in response to a user starting the vehicle.

In block 208 b, data associated with one or more outputs from thesensors 202 a may be obtained. For example, as part of block 208 b, theprocessing system 210 a may request (e.g., “pull”) the data from thesensors 202 a. Alternatively, or additionally, in some embodiments thesensors 202 a may provide (e.g., “push”) their data to the processingsystem 210 a as soon as the data is available, potentially in accordancewith one or more schedules.

In block 212 b, the profiles (of block 204 b) and/or the sensoroutputs/data (of block 208 b) may be analyzed to identify a first levelof alertness/engagement of a user at a first point in time (e.g., acurrent point in time). For example, if the sensor outputs/data indicatethat an identified user is engaged in a communication session (e.g., avideo conference, a voice call, a text message exchange, a discussionamongst fellow occupants in the vehicle, etc.), is engaged in a mediapresentation (e.g., is watching/listening to a streaming videopresentation), etc., a determination may be made as part of block 212 bhow engaged (or, analogously, disengaged) the identified user is fromoperating the vehicle. As part of block 212 b, a voice/acousticsignature of the identified user (as provided by a sensor 202 a) may becompared to voice/signature characteristics of the identified userincluded in the profiles (as provided by the data storage 206 a) todetermine the first level of alertness.

In block 216 b, a prediction may be made/obtained regarding an operationthat may be required of the user to facilitate safe operation/navigationat a second point in time (e.g., a future point in time), and a secondlevel of alertness that may be required of the user to perform thatoperation. For example, as part of block 216 b, a prediction may be maderegarding a user's likely path of travel (which may be based at least inpart on: a log/record of historical travel/trips of the user asrepresented in the profiles of block 204 b, a calendar of the user,machine learning (ML) and/or artificial intelligence (AI) models, etc.)or other operational decisions the user may be requested to undertake(or verify from automation), and characteristics of the road or areaalong that path of travel. To demonstrate, and with all other conditionsassumed equal, navigation about a hair-pin turn (e.g., a turncharacterized by a curvature in an amount that is greater than athreshold) along a dirt road on an inclement weather day may require agreater degree of user alertness/attention/engagement relative tonavigation about a substantially straight path along a paved road on adry, sunny day. Similarly, and again assuming all other conditions beingequal, a first area that has historically been prone to accidents maysuggest a greater degree of user alertness/attention/engagement isrequired relative to a second area that has not produced as manyaccidents.

In some embodiments, the prediction of block 216 b may be based in parton the sensor data (of block 208 b). For example, in connection with theoperation of a vehicle the prediction of block 216 b may be based inpart on an analysis of image data as captured by, e.g., one or morecameras of the vehicle, cameras located along a road/path, cameras onother vehicles, cameras of communication devices, potentially as sharedvia one or more messages or social media platforms, etc. In someembodiments, the prediction of block 216 b may be based in part on anamount of detected/predicted traffic along a road/path.

In block 220 b, the first level (of block 212 b) and the second level(of block 216 b) may be compared to generate a comparison result. Forexample, the comparison of block 220 b may entail determining/computinga difference between the first level and the second level to generatethe comparison result.

In block 224 b, a determination may be made, in accordance with thecomparison result of block 220 b, whether the user is sufficiently alertto perform the operation predicted/identified as part of block 216 b.For example, if the second level of block 216 b is greater than thefirst level of block 212 b, the user may be (substantially) disengagedfrom vehicle operations such that it may be risky to request the user toperform the operation of identified in block 216 b. In such a scenario,flow may proceed from block 224 b to block 228 b. Otherwise, if the useris sufficiently alert (e.g., the first level of block 212 b is greaterthan the second level of block 216), flow may proceed from block 224 bto block 232 b. One or more thresholds may be utilized as part of block224 b.

In block 228 b, an alternative operation may be identified. For example,as part of block 228 b a route of travel may be modified/changed, e.g.,from a first route to a second route that is different from the firstroute, to avoid the operation identified as part of block 216 b. In someembodiments, block 228 b may entail identifying other types/kinds ofuser operations to perform (e.g., requesting that the user engage abrake as opposed to requesting user-operated control of the steeringwheel/column). Block 228 b may entail a splitting/sharing of theidentified operation as between the vehicle and the user (or multipleusers, where applicable), where the vehicle may perform part of theidentified operation and the user may assist in the performance ofanother part of the identified operation.

In block 232 b, one or more types/kinds of notifications may beidentified. The types/kinds of notifications may be based at least inpart on the comparison result of block 220 b. For example, if thedifference between the first level (of block 212 b) and the second level(of block 216 b) is large (and where the second level is greater thanthe first level), a first type of notification (e.g., shutting off apresentation of media in the vehicle) may be identified. On the otherhand, if the difference between the first level (of block 212 b) and thesecond level (of block 216 b) is small (and where the second level isgreater than the first level), a second type of notification (e.g.,playing a warning message over the vehicle sound system) may beidentified. Various types of notifications may be identified as part ofblock 232 b, such as for example vibrating a seat that the user issitting in, engaging a strobe light (or other light), emitting ascent/fragrance, displaying a message on a display screen, changing avolume or frequency of an output signal associated with audio equipment,etc.

In block 236 b, (one or more) third points in time (e.g., a future pointin time) may be identified regarding when to generate/provide thenotification(s) identified in block 232 b. The third point(s) in timemay be subsequent to the first point in time (identified in block 212 b)and prior to the second point in time (identified in block 216 b). Thethird point(s) in time may be identified in accordance with thecomparison result of block 220 b. The third point(s) in time may beselected in block 236 b in order to ensure that the user is sufficientlyengaged (or, analogously, re-engaged) to perform or assist in theoperation identified as part of block 216 b on the one hand, while atthe same time avoiding prematurely taking the user away from/distractingthe user from whatever other activities (e.g., consuming a mediapresentation, engaging in a communication session, internet browsing,e-commerce purchasing activities, sleeping, etc.) the user may otherwisebe engaged in at the first point in time. As part of block 236 b, one ormore timers (e.g., a counter-down timer) may be loaded with a value thatcorresponds with a difference between the first point in time and therespective third points in time.

In block 240 b, a determination may be made regarding whether a giventimer of block 236 b has expired. If not, flow may remain at block 240 bto continue counting down the given timer. Once the given timer hasexpired, as determined in block 240 b, flow may proceed from block 240 bto block 244 b.

In block 244 b, one or more notifications associated with the expiredtimer(s) of block 240 b may be generated/provided. The notification(s)may serve as a stimulus or indicator to the user regarding thenature/identity of the operation to be performed (as identified in block216 b). In some embodiments, a given notification may betargeted/provided to multiple users. For example, providing the givennotification to multiple users may provide redundancy, which in turn mayincrease the likelihood that the notification will be acted on/upon byat least one of the users. Furthermore, in some embodiments, anotification may be targeted to a first user withinstructions/directives for the first user to convey the notification toone or more other users. In this manner, it may be more likely that theone or more other users to act on the notification than if thenotification was simply provided to the one or more other users.

In block 248 b, user and/or vehicle responses/behaviors may bemonitored. For example, as part of block 248 b an actual amount of timeit takes for the user to re-engage in vehicle-based operations may bemonitored from the (third) point in time when the notifications aregenerated/provided as part of block 244 b. The user/vehicleoperations/behaviors may be recorded (potentially as part of theprofile(s): see block 204 b). The recording of the user/vehicleoperations/behaviors may help facilitate future executions/iterations ofthe method 200 b. Stated slightly differently, the recording of theuser/vehicle operations/behaviors in block 248 b may incorporate aspectsof machine learning (ML) and/or artificial intelligence (AI) to assistthe user and/or the vehicle in future operations and decision-makingprocesses based on the information/data/knowledge that is obtained aspart of a current execution of the method 200 b. In this respect, themethod 200 b may be incorporated and executed as part of a largercontrol loop or algorithm that is adaptive to changing conditions,events, inputs, etc.

As described above, different types of sensors may beconsulted/interrogated to determine a level of alertness/engagement of auser in respect of operating a vehicle. In some embodiments, one or moreof sensors may be included/incorporated as part of the vehicle. One ormore of sensors may be included/incorporated as part of a communicationdevice associated with a user. Activities that a user may engage in maybe facilitated, in whole or in part, by the vehicle, the communicationdevice, etc., or any combination thereof.

While the method 200 b was described above in relation to theoperation/use of a vehicle as supported by a user, aspects of thedisclosure may be applied in connection with multiple vehicles andmultiple users. For example, a decision regarding an operation to beperformed by a user or a vehicle might not be made in respect of theuser/vehicle taken in isolation, but instead may be based on operationsto be performed by other vehicles and/or other users. In this respect,aspects of the disclosure may be used to identify an operation to beperformed by a vehicle and/or a user in consideration of otheroperations to be performed by other vehicles and/or other users.

While some of the examples set forth above pertain to the use andoperation of a vehicle (e.g., an automobile, an aircraft [e.g., a plane,a helicopter, a drone, etc.], a satellite, marine craft/a marine vessel,etc.), aspects of this disclosure may be utilized in conjunction withother types/kinds of applications and environments, inclusive of othertypes of machines. For example, aspects of this disclosure may beutilized in connection with industrial applications (e.g., mining,machining, cutting, printing, etc.), robotics and Internet of Things[IoT] devices (e.g., automation in factories), surveillance via, e.g.,remotely operated cameras, drones, etc., medical/clinical procedures,network maintenance activities (e.g., remote component/device repairs,installation, routing configuration, security validation), businessactivities (e.g., marketing, accounting, operations, etc.), contentediting (e.g., search video for suspicious activity, moderation forviolence, compliance validation, identifying highlights/interestingpoints, editing/transcribing notes in a conference), etc.

In some embodiments, an agent (e.g., a software agent) may be deployedacross conversational or operational tasks. The agent may observe thestate of the tasks and detect anomalies for: a user (or group/set ofusers), decisions over time, group-based effects/impacts, or anycombination thereof. In some embodiments, topics in terms of semanticsor inputs in activities or decisions may be collected, pooled, andanalyzed for variance across time and/or users. Engagement may bemeasured and attributed by reaction time, biometrics, and/or topics ofrelevance. Decisions made by a user (or group/set of users) may beassessed/analyzed for relevance or diversity relative to a general task(e.g., was it appropriate to steer a vehicle 45 degrees in response to asmall bump in the road?). In accordance with a task and cognitive loadunderstanding/comprehension, one or more systems, devices, and/orcomponents may propose historical decisions or highlightrecommendations/suggestions for utilization in connection with a currenttask and/or a future task.

Referring now to FIG. 2C, an illustrative embodiment of a system 200 cin accordance with various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Whileshown separately, in some embodiments, one or more aspects of the system200 c may be combined with one or more aspects of the system 100, thesystem 200 a, the method 200 b, or any combination thereof. Moregenerally, aspects of the system 200 c may be implemented in conjunctionwith aspects of any system, device, or component, such as the systems,devices, and components described herein. In some embodiments, aspectsof the system 200 c may be implemented in conjunction with a machine,such as a vehicle.

The system 200 c may include a (first) user 202 c, one or moremeasurements 206 c, a task history/understanding component 214 c, agroup/environment understanding component 218 c, and a workloadmanagement component 222 c. Each of the user 202 c, the measurements 206c, the task history/understanding component 214 c, the group/environmentunderstanding components 218 c, and the workload management component222 c may be supported by one or more devices (e.g., sensors,processors, communication devices, vehicles, etc.). Furthermore, whiledescribed separately, in some embodiments two or more of the entitiesshown in FIG. 2C (e.g., the task history/understanding component 214 c,the group/environment understanding component 218 c, and the workloadmanagement component 222 c) may be located within a common/same housing.

The system 200 c may be configured to perform and/or facilitate aperformance of one or more steps or operations as described in furtherdetail below. For the sake of ease in description, the steps/operationsare described in the context of operating a vehicle. One skilled in theart will appreciate that aspects of the steps/operations may be adaptedto accommodate other types of applications and environments.

In step 232 c, the user 202 c may start and/or continue a primary task.For example, and in the context of utilizing a vehicle to navigate froma starting point to a destination, step 232 c may entail/includestarting an engine or a motor of the vehicle. In some embodiments, step232 c may include a user entering the destination into a navigationapplication or the like.

In step 236, one or more measurements associated with the user 202'sperformance of the primary task (of step 232 c) may be obtained. Forexample, biometric measurements associated with pulse, cortisol,temperature, pupil characteristics (e.g., dilation), etc., may beobtained as part of step 236. As part of step 236, sensors around/aboutthe vehicle may obtain characteristics/parameters in proximity to thevehicle. For example, outputs of collision-avoidance sensors may beobtained as part of step 236.

Information/decisions made by the user 202 c (which may be identified inconjunction with step 232 c) and the measurements (of step 236 c) may beobtained and processed by the task history/understanding component 214c. Based on that processing, the task history/understanding component214 c may generate and provide a load assessment representative of thecognitive load upon the user 202 c in conjunction with the performanceof the primary task. That primary task load assessment may be provided(e.g., transmitted) to the group/environment understanding component 218c and/or the workload management component 222 c as part of step 240 c.

Based on obtaining (e.g., receiving) the primary task load assessment aspart of step 240 c, the workload management component 222 c may processthe load assessment and generate and provide a quality assessment (QA)to the user 202 c in step 244 c. For example, the QA of step 244 c mayindicate an extent or degree to which the user 202 c is performing theprimary task well (or, analogously, not well). To the extent that anydeficiency in the quality of performance is identified/perceived, theworkload management component 222 c may providerecommendations/suggestions to the user 202 c as part of step 244 c inan effort to enhance the quality of the user 202 c's performance ordecision-making.

In step 248 c, the task history/understanding component 214 c maymonitor for and/or obtain any user feedback or decisions in respect ofthe QA/suggestions of step 244 c. In this respect, the userfeedback/decisions of step 248 c may influence future load assessments(see, e.g., step 240 c) by providing an indication of user preferencesand/or information/data regarding decision-making processes.

In step 252 c, measurements regarding a group of other users (not shownin FIG. 2C) may be obtained (e.g., received) by the group/environmentunderstanding component 218 c. The group measurements (of step 252 c)may be processed by the group/environment understanding component 218 c(in conjunction with the primary task load assessment of step 240 c) instep 256 c to generate an understanding/insight regarding an impact orinfluence that other users have on the cognitive load on the user 202 c.Stated slightly differently, the group effect generated in step 256 crecognizes that the load imposed upon the user 202 c may be a functionof decisions made by others. To illustrate, in the context of operatinga vehicle a user (e.g., the user 202 c) may make decisions regradingwhen to brake, accelerate, turn, etc., the vehicle in relation todistances between the vehicle and other vehicles that are nearby.

Based on obtaining the indication of the group effect in step 256 c, theworkload management component 222 c may generate notifications,rankings, and/or suggestions that may be directed to, e.g., the user 202c and/or one or more other users. The notifications, rankings, and/orsuggestions may provide information that may be used to mitigate theimpact of fatigue that may be experienced by the user 202 c and/or oneor more other users, such as for example group fatigue of the typefrequently experienced on long stretches/spans of highway wherebyusers/drivers begin to “zone out” despite relative high rates of speed.

Aspects of the system 200 c may incorporate profiles associated with auser and/or a vehicle to enhance the accuracy of load assessments andthe relevance/applicability of suggestions provided to users, devices,and/or vehicles. In this respect, as additional information or data isobtained the accuracy of outputs of the system 200 c and/or therelevance/applicability of the suggestions generated by the system 200 cmay be more readily accepted/acted upon by users, devices, and vehicles.This may encourage further utilization or adoption, which may furtherenhance the accuracy and relevance, thereby causing any errors that mayotherwise be present to rapidly converge towards zero over time.

While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the respectiveprocesses are shown and described as a series of blocks/operations/stepsin FIGS. 2B-2C, it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimedsubject matter is not limited by the order of theblocks/operations/steps, as some blocks/operations/steps may occur indifferent orders and/or concurrently with other blocks/operations/stepsfrom what is depicted and described herein. Moreover, not allillustrated blocks/operations/steps may be required to implement themethods described herein.

Aspects of this disclosure may generate and provide support (e.g.,automated support) for continuous decision-making processes. Aspects ofthe disclosure may help to maintain acceptable levels of workload/userengagement in accordance with one or more predictions. In this respect,aspects of this disclosure may reduce the likelihood of an occurrence ofa fault (where a fault may be representative of a poor decision or a badoutcome). Aspects of the disclosure may facilitate concurrent decisionquality analyses by allowing/enabling a secondary objective observer toassess decisions and suggest different alternatives throughout a taskinstead of performing an assessment of an output of the task takenalone.

Aspects of the disclosure may monitor activities/tasks that may besupported/facilitated by multiple users. Aspects of the disclosure mayhighlight or interject adversarial points to mitigate the impact ofgroup think/group-based fatigue. In this regard, aspects of thisdisclosure may encourage a refreshed review of alternativeoptions/possibilities by measuring continuity and the repetitive natureof questions/queries and decisions/responses. Aspects of the disclosuremay facilitate anonymity by allowing/enabling a first user to suggest analternative or adversarial point during a discussion while concealingthe identity of the first user.

In some embodiments, a prediction of a decision quality may be based inpart on state (e.g., an assessment of outputs in accordance with pastand/or current inputs) and a task history potentially associated withone or more users. Such predictions may be based on biological andcognitive assessments/analyses.

Aspects of the disclosure may facilitate an efficient deployment ofresources, inclusive of automated resources, human resources/capital,etc. Based on an identification of a type of task, an intensity of thetask, and/or a timeframe associated with the task, one or more actionsmay be identified and recommended. For example, if a given task isrelatively intense and is scheduled to occur over a long timeframe, asuggestion/recommendation may be directed to a user to take a break atvarious points interspersed within the timeframe. In this respect,aspects of the disclosure are directed to an understanding of a task andthe impact that the task has on the user in terms of duration,intensity, and/or fatigue.

Aspects of this disclosure may modulate fatigue experienced by users byadjusting the influence and contribution that tasks have on users.Feedback generated by users, as well as feedback generated viaautomation, may inform predictions, changes,suggestions/recommendations, etc., in connection with one or more tasks.In this respect, personalized and/or task-specific guidance/assistancemay be generated and provided.

Aspects of the disclosure may be used to detect fatigue in a user (orgroup/set of users). Such fatigue detection may be facilitated via amonitoring of conversations, topics, changes in cadence, changes infocal detection, etc. Aspects of the disclosure may automate tasks(e.g., automate note taking)) and/or interject other tasks/items (e.g.,interject levity, interject historical notes, topics, discussions, etc.)to mitigate/reduce the likelihood and/or impact of potential fatigue.

As described herein, aspects of the disclosure may provide forcustomized/tailored recommendations/suggestions in respect to aperformance of a task. Such customization may take into considerationdifferent behavioral characteristics of a user (e.g., shyness) that maybe learned over time. In some embodiments, recommendations/suggestionsmay be ranked based on time (e.g., recency), user preferences,historical activities or decisions, etc.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram 300 is shown illustrating anexample, non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized communication networkin accordance with various aspects described herein. In particular, avirtualized communication network is presented that can be used toimplement some or all of the subsystems and functions of thecommunication network 100, the system 200 a, the method 200 b, and thesystem 200 c presented in FIGS. 1 and 2A-2C. For example, virtualizedcommunication network 300 can facilitate in whole or in part obtainingdata from a plurality of sensors at a first point in time, analyzing thedata to identify a first level of alertness of a user, predicting asecond level of alertness that is required by the user to operate amachine at a second point in time that is subsequent to the first pointin time, comparing the first level of alertness to the second level ofalertness to generate a first comparison result, identifying a firsttype of a first notification based on the first comparison result,identifying a third point in time to provide the first notificationbased on the first comparison result, wherein the third point in time issubsequent to the first point in time and prior to the second point intime, and providing the first notification at the third point in time.Virtualized communication network 300 can facilitate in whole or in partobtaining data from a plurality of sensors associated with a machine,identifying a first level of alertness of a user of the machine inaccordance with the data, predicting a first operation needed of themachine, wherein the first operation occurs subsequent to theidentifying of the first level of alertness of the user, resulting in apredicted operation, identifying a second level of alertness required ofthe user to perform the predicted operation, responsive to determiningthat the user is insufficiently alert to perform the predicted operationin accordance with the first level of alertness and the second level ofalertness: identifying a second operation to be performed in lieu of thefirst operation or in conjunction with the first operation, andresponsive to determining that the user is sufficiently alert to performthe predicted operation in accordance with the first level of alertnessand the second level of alertness: identifying a notification to provideto the user, resulting in an identified notification, and providing theidentified notification to the user. Virtualized communication network300 can facilitate in whole or in part obtaining data from a pluralityof sensors associated with a primary task at a first point in time,wherein a first user assists in a performance of the primary task,predicting an operation required of the first user to assist in theperformance of the primary task at a second point in time that issubsequent to the first point in time, resulting in a predictedoperation, determining at a third point in time that is subsequent tothe first point in time and prior to the second point in time, that thefirst user is engaged in the primary task in an amount that is greaterthan a first threshold, and responsive to the determining that the firstuser is engaged in the primary task in an amount that is greater thanthe first threshold: identifying a notification to provide to the firstuser in relation to the predicted operation, and identifying a fourthpoint in time that is subsequent to the third point in time and prior tothe second point in time, and providing the notification to the firstuser at the fourth point in time

In particular, a cloud networking architecture is shown that leveragescloud technologies and supports rapid innovation and scalability via atransport layer 350, a virtualized network function cloud 325 and/or oneor more cloud computing environments 375. In various embodiments, thiscloud networking architecture is an open architecture that leveragesapplication programming interfaces (APIs); reduces complexity fromservices and operations; supports more nimble business models; andrapidly and seamlessly scales to meet evolving customer requirementsincluding traffic growth, diversity of traffic types, and diversity ofperformance and reliability expectations.

In contrast to traditional network elements—which are typicallyintegrated to perform a single function, the virtualized communicationnetwork employs virtual network elements (VNEs) 330, 332, 334, etc. thatperform some or all of the functions of network elements 150, 152, 154,156, etc. For example, the network architecture can provide a substrateof networking capability, often called Network Function VirtualizationInfrastructure (NFVI) or simply infrastructure that is capable of beingdirected with software and Software Defined Networking (SDN) protocolsto perform a broad variety of network functions and services. Thisinfrastructure can include several types of substrates. The most typicaltype of substrate being servers that support Network FunctionVirtualization (NFV), followed by packet forwarding capabilities basedon generic computing resources, with specialized network technologiesbrought to bear when general purpose processors or general purposeintegrated circuit devices offered by merchants (referred to herein asmerchant silicon) are not appropriate. In this case, communicationservices can be implemented as cloud-centric workloads.

As an example, a traditional network element 150 (shown in FIG. 1), suchas an edge router can be implemented via a VNE 330 composed of NFVsoftware modules, merchant silicon, and associated controllers. Thesoftware can be written so that increasing workload consumes incrementalresources from a common resource pool, and moreover so that it'selastic: so the resources are only consumed when needed. In a similarfashion, other network elements such as other routers, switches, edgecaches, and middle-boxes are instantiated from the common resource pool.Such sharing of infrastructure across a broad set of uses makes planningand growing infrastructure easier to manage.

In an embodiment, the transport layer 350 includes fiber, cable, wiredand/or wireless transport elements, network elements and interfaces toprovide broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130,media access 140 and/or access to content sources 175 for distributionof content to any or all of the access technologies. In particular, insome cases a network element needs to be positioned at a specific place,and this allows for less sharing of common infrastructure. Other times,the network elements have specific physical layer adapters that cannotbe abstracted or virtualized, and might require special DSP code andanalog front-ends (AFEs) that do not lend themselves to implementationas VNEs 330, 332 or 334. These network elements can be included intransport layer 350.

The virtualized network function cloud 325 interfaces with the transportlayer 350 to provide the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide specificNFVs. In particular, the virtualized network function cloud 325leverages cloud operations, applications, and architectures to supportnetworking workloads. The virtualized network elements 330, 332 and 334can employ network function software that provides either a one-for-onemapping of traditional network element function or alternately somecombination of network functions designed for cloud computing. Forexample, VNEs 330, 332 and 334 can include route reflectors, domain namesystem (DNS) servers, and dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)servers, system architecture evolution (SAE) and/or mobility managemententity (MME) gateways, broadband network gateways, IP edge routers forIP-VPN, Ethernet and other services, load balancers, distributers andother network elements. Because these elements don't typically need toforward large amounts of traffic, their workload can be distributedacross a number of servers—each of which adds a portion of thecapability, and overall which creates an elastic function with higheravailability than its former monolithic version. These virtual networkelements 330, 332, 334, etc. can be instantiated and managed using anorchestration approach similar to those used in cloud compute services.

The cloud computing environments 375 can interface with the virtualizednetwork function cloud 325 via APIs that expose functional capabilitiesof the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide the flexible and expandedcapabilities to the virtualized network function cloud 325. Inparticular, network workloads may have applications distributed acrossthe virtualized network function cloud 325 and cloud computingenvironment 375 and in the commercial cloud, or might simply orchestrateworkloads supported entirely in NFV infrastructure from these thirdparty locations.

Turning now to FIG. 4, there is illustrated a block diagram of acomputing environment in accordance with various aspects describedherein. In order to provide additional context for various embodimentsof the embodiments described herein, FIG. 4 and the following discussionare intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitablecomputing environment 400 in which the various embodiments of thesubject disclosure can be implemented. In particular, computingenvironment 400 can be used in the implementation of network elements150, 152, 154, 156, access terminal 112, base station or access point122, switching device 132, media terminal 142, and/or VNEs 330, 332,334, etc. Each of these devices can be implemented viacomputer-executable instructions that can run on one or more computers,and/or in combination with other program modules and/or as a combinationof hardware and software. For example, computing environment 400 canfacilitate in whole or in part obtaining data from a plurality ofsensors at a first point in time, analyzing the data to identify a firstlevel of alertness of a user, predicting a second level of alertnessthat is required by the user to operate a machine at a second point intime that is subsequent to the first point in time, comparing the firstlevel of alertness to the second level of alertness to generate a firstcomparison result, identifying a first type of a first notificationbased on the first comparison result, identifying a third point in timeto provide the first notification based on the first comparison result,wherein the third point in time is subsequent to the first point in timeand prior to the second point in time, and providing the firstnotification at the third point in time. Computing environment 400 canfacilitate in whole or in part obtaining data from a plurality ofsensors associated with a machine, identifying a first level ofalertness of a user of the machine in accordance with the data,predicting a first operation needed of the machine, wherein the firstoperation occurs subsequent to the identifying of the first level ofalertness of the user, resulting in a predicted operation, identifying asecond level of alertness required of the user to perform the predictedoperation, responsive to determining that the user is insufficientlyalert to perform the predicted operation in accordance with the firstlevel of alertness and the second level of alertness: identifying asecond operation to be performed in lieu of the first operation or inconjunction with the first operation, and responsive to determining thatthe user is sufficiently alert to perform the predicted operation inaccordance with the first level of alertness and the second level ofalertness: identifying a notification to provide to the user, resultingin an identified notification, and providing the identified notificationto the user. Computing environment 400 can facilitate in whole or inpart obtaining data from a plurality of sensors associated with aprimary task at a first point in time, wherein a first user assists in aperformance of the primary task, predicting an operation required of thefirst user to assist in the performance of the primary task at a secondpoint in time that is subsequent to the first point in time, resultingin a predicted operation, determining at a third point in time that issubsequent to the first point in time and prior to the second point intime, that the first user is engaged in the primary task in an amountthat is greater than a first threshold, and responsive to thedetermining that the first user is engaged in the primary task in anamount that is greater than the first threshold: identifying anotification to provide to the first user in relation to the predictedoperation, and identifying a fourth point in time that is subsequent tothe third point in time and prior to the second point in time, andproviding the notification to the first user at the fourth point intime.

Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, comprising single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personalcomputers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can beoperatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

As used herein, a processing circuit includes one or more processors aswell as other application specific circuits such as an applicationspecific integrated circuit, digital logic circuit, state machine,programmable gate array or other circuit that processes input signals ordata and that produces output signals or data in response thereto. Itshould be noted that while any functions and features described hereinin association with the operation of a processor could likewise beperformed by a processing circuit.

The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be alsopracticed in distributed computing environments where certain tasks areperformed by remote processing devices that are linked through acommunications network. In a distributed computing environment, programmodules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically comprise a variety of media, which cancomprise computer-readable storage media and/or communications media,which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and comprises both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implementedin connection with any method or technology for storage of informationsuch as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured dataor unstructured data.

Computer-readable storage media can comprise, but are not limited to,random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electricallyerasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or othermemory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digitalversatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes,magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devicesor other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to storedesired information. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or“non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory orcomputer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude onlypropagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquishrights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media thatare not only propagating transitory signals per se.

Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local orremote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or otherdata retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect tothe information stored by the medium.

Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructureddata in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrierwave or other transport mechanism, and comprises any informationdelivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signalsrefers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set orchanged in such a manner as to encode information in one or moresignals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication mediacomprise wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wiredconnection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and otherwireless media.

With reference again to FIG. 4, the example environment can comprise acomputer 402, the computer 402 comprising a processing unit 404, asystem memory 406 and a system bus 408. The system bus 408 couplessystem components including, but not limited to, the system memory 406to the processing unit 404. The processing unit 404 can be any ofvarious commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors andother multiprocessor architectures can also be employed as theprocessing unit 404.

The system bus 408 can be any of several types of bus structure that canfurther interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 406comprises ROM 410 and RAM 412. A basic input/output system (BIOS) can bestored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable readonly memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines thathelp to transfer information between elements within the computer 402,such as during startup. The RAM 412 can also comprise a high-speed RAMsuch as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 402 further comprises an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 414(e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal HDD 414 can also be configured forexternal use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a magnetic floppy diskdrive (FDD) 416, (e.g., to read from or write to a removable diskette418) and an optical disk drive 420, (e.g., reading a CD-ROM disk 422 or,to read from or write to other high capacity optical media such as theDVD). The HDD 414, magnetic FDD 416 and optical disk drive 420 can beconnected to the system bus 408 by a hard disk drive interface 424, amagnetic disk drive interface 426 and an optical drive interface 428,respectively. The hard disk drive interface 424 for external driveimplementations comprises at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus(USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies arewithin contemplation of the embodiments described herein.

The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 402, the drives and storagemedia accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format.Although the description of computer-readable storage media above refersto a hard disk drive (HDD), a removable magnetic diskette, and aremovable optical media such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated bythose skilled in the art that other types of storage media which arereadable by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flashmemory cards, cartridges, and the like, can also be used in the exampleoperating environment, and further, that any such storage media cancontain computer-executable instructions for performing the methodsdescribed herein.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 412,comprising an operating system 430, one or more application programs432, other program modules 434 and program data 436. All or portions ofthe operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also becached in the RAM 412. The systems and methods described herein can beimplemented utilizing various commercially available operating systemsor combinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 402 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 438 and apointing device, such as a mouse 440. Other input devices (not shown)can comprise a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a joystick,a game pad, a stylus pen, touch screen or the like. These and otherinput devices are often connected to the processing unit 404 through aninput device interface 442 that can be coupled to the system bus 408,but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, anIEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port,an IR interface, etc.

A monitor 444 or other type of display device can be also connected tothe system bus 408 via an interface, such as a video adapter 446. Itwill also be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, a monitor 444can also be any display device (e.g., another computer having a display,a smart phone, a tablet computer, etc.) for receiving displayinformation associated with computer 402 via any communication means,including via the Internet and cloud-based networks. In addition to themonitor 444, a computer typically comprises other peripheral outputdevices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 402 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 448. The remotecomputer(s) 448 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentappliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallycomprises many or all of the elements described relative to the computer402, although, for purposes of brevity, only a remote memory/storagedevice 450 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted comprisewired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 452 and/orlarger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 454. Such LAN and WANnetworking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, andfacilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all ofwhich can connect to a global communications network, e.g., theInternet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 402 can beconnected to the LAN 452 through a wired and/or wireless communicationnetwork interface or adapter 456. The adapter 456 can facilitate wiredor wireless communication to the LAN 452, which can also comprise awireless AP disposed thereon for communicating with the adapter 456.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 402 can comprisea modem 458 or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN454 or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN 454,such as by way of the Internet. The modem 458, which can be internal orexternal and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the systembus 408 via the input device interface 442. In a networked environment,program modules depicted relative to the computer 402 or portionsthereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device 450. It willbe appreciated that the network connections shown are example and othermeans of establishing a communications link between the computers can beused.

The computer 402 can be operable to communicate with any wirelessdevices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication,e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portabledata assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment orlocation associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk,news stand, restroom), and telephone. This can comprise WirelessFidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, thecommunication can be a predefined structure as with a conventionalnetwork or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi can allow connection to the Internet from a couch at home, a bedin a hotel room or a conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is awireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enablessuch devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out;anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radiotechnologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac, ag, etc.) to providesecure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can beused to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wirednetworks (which can use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operatein the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands for example or with productsthat contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can providereal-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired Ethernetnetworks used in many offices.

Turning now to FIG. 5, an embodiment 500 of a mobile network platform510 is shown that is an example of network elements 150, 152, 154, 156,and/or VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. For example, platform 510 can facilitatein whole or in part obtaining data from a plurality of sensors at afirst point in time, analyzing the data to identify a first level ofalertness of a user, predicting a second level of alertness that isrequired by the user to operate a machine at a second point in time thatis subsequent to the first point in time, comparing the first level ofalertness to the second level of alertness to generate a firstcomparison result, identifying a first type of a first notificationbased on the first comparison result, identifying a third point in timeto provide the first notification based on the first comparison result,wherein the third point in time is subsequent to the first point in timeand prior to the second point in time, and providing the firstnotification at the third point in time. Platform 510 can facilitate inwhole or in part obtaining data from a plurality of sensors associatedwith a machine, identifying a first level of alertness of a user of themachine in accordance with the data, predicting a first operation neededof the machine, wherein the first operation occurs subsequent to theidentifying of the first level of alertness of the user, resulting in apredicted operation, identifying a second level of alertness required ofthe user to perform the predicted operation, responsive to determiningthat the user is insufficiently alert to perform the predicted operationin accordance with the first level of alertness and the second level ofalertness: identifying a second operation to be performed in lieu of thefirst operation or in conjunction with the first operation, andresponsive to determining that the user is sufficiently alert to performthe predicted operation in accordance with the first level of alertnessand the second level of alertness: identifying a notification to provideto the user, resulting in an identified notification, and providing theidentified notification to the user. Platform 510 can facilitate inwhole or in part obtaining data from a plurality of sensors associatedwith a primary task at a first point in time, wherein a first userassists in a performance of the primary task, predicting an operationrequired of the first user to assist in the performance of the primarytask at a second point in time that is subsequent to the first point intime, resulting in a predicted operation, determining at a third pointin time that is subsequent to the first point in time and prior to thesecond point in time, that the first user is engaged in the primary taskin an amount that is greater than a first threshold, and responsive tothe determining that the first user is engaged in the primary task in anamount that is greater than the first threshold: identifying anotification to provide to the first user in relation to the predictedoperation, and identifying a fourth point in time that is subsequent tothe third point in time and prior to the second point in time, andproviding the notification to the first user at the fourth point intime.

In one or more embodiments, the mobile network platform 510 can generateand receive signals transmitted and received by base stations or accesspoints such as base station or access point 122. Generally, mobilenetwork platform 510 can comprise components, e.g., nodes, gateways,interfaces, servers, or disparate platforms, that facilitate bothpacket-switched (PS) (e.g., internet protocol (IP), frame relay,asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)) and circuit-switched (CS) traffic(e.g., voice and data), as well as control generation for networkedwireless telecommunication. As a non-limiting example, mobile networkplatform 510 can be included in telecommunications carrier networks, andcan be considered carrier-side components as discussed elsewhere herein.Mobile network platform 510 comprises CS gateway node(s) 512 which caninterface CS traffic received from legacy networks like telephonynetwork(s) 540 (e.g., public switched telephone network (PSTN), orpublic land mobile network (PLMN)) or a signaling system #7 (SS7)network 560. CS gateway node(s) 512 can authorize and authenticatetraffic (e.g., voice) arising from such networks. Additionally, CSgateway node(s) 512 can access mobility, or roaming, data generatedthrough SS7 network 560; for instance, mobility data stored in a visitedlocation register (VLR), which can reside in memory 530. Moreover, CSgateway node(s) 512 interfaces CS-based traffic and signaling and PSgateway node(s) 518. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, CS gatewaynode(s) 512 can be realized at least in part in gateway GPRS supportnode(s) (GGSN). It should be appreciated that functionality and specificoperation of CS gateway node(s) 512, PS gateway node(s) 518, and servingnode(s) 516, is provided and dictated by radio technology(ies) utilizedby mobile network platform 510 for telecommunication over a radio accessnetwork 520 with other devices, such as a radiotelephone 575.

In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched traffic andsignaling, PS gateway node(s) 518 can authorize and authenticatePS-based data sessions with served mobile devices. Data sessions cancomprise traffic, or content(s), exchanged with networks external to themobile network platform 510, like wide area network(s) (WANs) 550,enterprise network(s) 570, and service network(s) 580, which can beembodied in local area network(s) (LANs), can also be interfaced withmobile network platform 510 through PS gateway node(s) 518. It is to benoted that WANs 550 and enterprise network(s) 570 can embody, at leastin part, a service network(s) like IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). Basedon radio technology layer(s) available in technology resource(s) orradio access network 520, PS gateway node(s) 518 can generate packetdata protocol contexts when a data session is established; other datastructures that facilitate routing of packetized data also can begenerated. To that end, in an aspect, PS gateway node(s) 518 cancomprise a tunnel interface (e.g., tunnel termination gateway (TTG) in3GPP UMTS network(s) (not shown)) which can facilitate packetizedcommunication with disparate wireless network(s), such as Wi-Finetworks.

In embodiment 500, mobile network platform 510 also comprises servingnode(s) 516 that, based upon available radio technology layer(s) withintechnology resource(s) in the radio access network 520, convey thevarious packetized flows of data streams received through PS gatewaynode(s) 518. It is to be noted that for technology resource(s) that relyprimarily on CS communication, server node(s) can deliver trafficwithout reliance on PS gateway node(s) 518; for example, server node(s)can embody at least in part a mobile switching center. As an example, ina 3GPP UMTS network, serving node(s) 516 can be embodied in serving GPRSsupport node(s) (SGSN).

For radio technologies that exploit packetized communication, server(s)514 in mobile network platform 510 can execute numerous applicationsthat can generate multiple disparate packetized data streams or flows,and manage (e.g., schedule, queue, format . . . ) such flows. Suchapplication(s) can comprise add-on features to standard services (forexample, provisioning, billing, customer support . . . ) provided bymobile network platform 510. Data streams (e.g., content(s) that arepart of a voice call or data session) can be conveyed to PS gatewaynode(s) 518 for authorization/authentication and initiation of a datasession, and to serving node(s) 516 for communication thereafter. Inaddition to application server, server(s) 514 can comprise utilityserver(s), a utility server can comprise a provisioning server, anoperations and maintenance server, a security server that can implementat least in part a certificate authority and firewalls as well as othersecurity mechanisms, and the like. In an aspect, security server(s)secure communication served through mobile network platform 510 toensure network's operation and data integrity in addition toauthorization and authentication procedures that CS gateway node(s) 512and PS gateway node(s) 518 can enact. Moreover, provisioning server(s)can provision services from external network(s) like networks operatedby a disparate service provider; for instance, WAN 550 or GlobalPositioning System (GPS) network(s) (not shown). Provisioning server(s)can also provision coverage through networks associated to mobilenetwork platform 510 (e.g., deployed and operated by the same serviceprovider), such as the distributed antennas networks shown in FIG. 1(s)that enhance wireless service coverage by providing more networkcoverage.

It is to be noted that server(s) 514 can comprise one or more processorsconfigured to confer at least in part the functionality of mobilenetwork platform 510. To that end, the one or more processor can executecode instructions stored in memory 530, for example. It is should beappreciated that server(s) 514 can comprise a content manager, whichoperates in substantially the same manner as described hereinbefore.

In example embodiment 500, memory 530 can store information related tooperation of mobile network platform 510. Other operational informationcan comprise provisioning information of mobile devices served throughmobile network platform 510, subscriber databases; applicationintelligence, pricing schemes, e.g., promotional rates, flat-rateprograms, couponing campaigns; technical specification(s) consistentwith telecommunication protocols for operation of disparate radio, orwireless, technology layers; and so forth. Memory 530 can also storeinformation from at least one of telephony network(s) 540, WAN 550, SS7network 560, or enterprise network(s) 570. In an aspect, memory 530 canbe, for example, accessed as part of a data store component or as aremotely connected memory store.

In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosedsubject matter, FIG. 5, and the following discussion, are intended toprovide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in whichthe various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented.While the subject matter has been described above in the general contextof computer-executable instructions of a computer program that runs on acomputer and/or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize thatthe disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination withother program modules. Generally, program modules comprise routines,programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particulartasks and/or implement particular abstract data types.

Turning now to FIG. 6, an illustrative embodiment of a communicationdevice 600 is shown. The communication device 600 can serve as anillustrative embodiment of devices such as data terminals 114, mobiledevices 124, vehicle 126, display devices 144 or other client devicesfor communication via either communications network 125. For example,computing device 600 can facilitate in whole or in part obtaining datafrom a plurality of sensors at a first point in time, analyzing the datato identify a first level of alertness of a user, predicting a secondlevel of alertness that is required by the user to operate a machine ata second point in time that is subsequent to the first point in time,comparing the first level of alertness to the second level of alertnessto generate a first comparison result, identifying a first type of afirst notification based on the first comparison result, identifying athird point in time to provide the first notification based on the firstcomparison result, wherein the third point in time is subsequent to thefirst point in time and prior to the second point in time, and providingthe first notification at the third point in time. Computing device 600can facilitate in whole or in part obtaining data from a plurality ofsensors associated with a machine, identifying a first level ofalertness of a user of the machine in accordance with the data,predicting a first operation needed of the machine, wherein the firstoperation occurs subsequent to the identifying of the first level ofalertness of the user, resulting in a predicted operation, identifying asecond level of alertness required of the user to perform the predictedoperation, responsive to determining that the user is insufficientlyalert to perform the predicted operation in accordance with the firstlevel of alertness and the second level of alertness: identifying asecond operation to be performed in lieu of the first operation or inconjunction with the first operation, and responsive to determining thatthe user is sufficiently alert to perform the predicted operation inaccordance with the first level of alertness and the second level ofalertness: identifying a notification to provide to the user, resultingin an identified notification, and providing the identified notificationto the user. Computing device 600 can facilitate in whole or in partobtaining data from a plurality of sensors associated with a primarytask at a first point in time, wherein a first user assists in aperformance of the primary task, predicting an operation required of thefirst user to assist in the performance of the primary task at a secondpoint in time that is subsequent to the first point in time, resultingin a predicted operation, determining at a third point in time that issubsequent to the first point in time and prior to the second point intime, that the first user is engaged in the primary task in an amountthat is greater than a first threshold, and responsive to thedetermining that the first user is engaged in the primary task in anamount that is greater than the first threshold: identifying anotification to provide to the first user in relation to the predictedoperation, and identifying a fourth point in time that is subsequent tothe third point in time and prior to the second point in time, andproviding the notification to the first user at the fourth point intime.

The communication device 600 can comprise a wireline and/or wirelesstransceiver 602 (herein transceiver 602), a user interface (UI) 604, apower supply 614, a location receiver 616, a motion sensor 618, anorientation sensor 620, and a controller 606 for managing operationsthereof. The transceiver 602 can support short-range or long-rangewireless access technologies such as Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, WiFi, DECT, orcellular communication technologies, just to mention a few (Bluetooth®and ZigBee® are trademarks registered by the Bluetooth® Special InterestGroup and the ZigBee® Alliance, respectively). Cellular technologies caninclude, for example, CDMA-1X, UMTS/HSDPA, GSM/GPRS, TDMA/EDGE, EV/DO,WiMAX, SDR, LTE, as well as other next generation wireless communicationtechnologies as they arise. The transceiver 602 can also be adapted tosupport circuit-switched wireline access technologies (such as PSTN),packet-switched wireline access technologies (such as TCP/IP, VoIP,etc.), and combinations thereof.

The UI 604 can include a depressible or touch-sensitive keypad 608 witha navigation mechanism such as a roller ball, a joystick, a mouse, or anavigation disk for manipulating operations of the communication device600. The keypad 608 can be an integral part of a housing assembly of thecommunication device 600 or an independent device operably coupledthereto by a tethered wireline interface (such as a USB cable) or awireless interface supporting for example Bluetooth®. The keypad 608 canrepresent a numeric keypad commonly used by phones, and/or a QWERTYkeypad with alphanumeric keys. The UI 604 can further include a display610 such as monochrome or color LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode) or other suitable display technology forconveying images to an end user of the communication device 600. In anembodiment where the display 610 is touch-sensitive, a portion or all ofthe keypad 608 can be presented by way of the display 610 withnavigation features.

The display 610 can use touch screen technology to also serve as a userinterface for detecting user input. As a touch screen display, thecommunication device 600 can be adapted to present a user interfacehaving graphical user interface (GUI) elements that can be selected by auser with a touch of a finger. The display 610 can be equipped withcapacitive, resistive or other forms of sensing technology to detect howmuch surface area of a user's finger has been placed on a portion of thetouch screen display. This sensing information can be used to controlthe manipulation of the GUI elements or other functions of the userinterface. The display 610 can be an integral part of the housingassembly of the communication device 600 or an independent devicecommunicatively coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface (suchas a cable) or a wireless interface.

The UI 604 can also include an audio system 612 that utilizes audiotechnology for conveying low volume audio (such as audio heard inproximity of a human ear) and high volume audio (such as speakerphonefor hands free operation). The audio system 612 can further include amicrophone for receiving audible signals of an end user. The audiosystem 612 can also be used for voice recognition applications. The UI604 can further include an image sensor 613 such as a charged coupleddevice (CCD) camera for capturing still or moving images.

The power supply 614 can utilize common power management technologiessuch as replaceable and rechargeable batteries, supply regulationtechnologies, and/or charging system technologies for supplying energyto the components of the communication device 600 to facilitatelong-range or short-range portable communications. Alternatively, or incombination, the charging system can utilize external power sources suchas DC power supplied over a physical interface such as a USB port orother suitable tethering technologies.

The location receiver 616 can utilize location technology such as aglobal positioning system (GPS) receiver capable of assisted GPS foridentifying a location of the communication device 600 based on signalsgenerated by a constellation of GPS satellites, which can be used forfacilitating location services such as navigation. The motion sensor 618can utilize motion sensing technology such as an accelerometer, agyroscope, or other suitable motion sensing technology to detect motionof the communication device 600 in three-dimensional space. Theorientation sensor 620 can utilize orientation sensing technology suchas a magnetometer to detect the orientation of the communication device600 (north, south, west, and east, as well as combined orientations indegrees, minutes, or other suitable orientation metrics).

The communication device 600 can use the transceiver 602 to alsodetermine a proximity to a cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth®, or other wirelessaccess points by sensing techniques such as utilizing a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI) and/or signal time of arrival (TOA) or time offlight (TOF) measurements. The controller 606 can utilize computingtechnologies such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP),programmable gate arrays, application specific integrated circuits,and/or a video processor with associated storage memory such as Flash,ROM, RAM, SRAM, DRAM or other storage technologies for executingcomputer instructions, controlling, and processing data supplied by theaforementioned components of the communication device 600.

Other components not shown in FIG. 6 can be used in one or moreembodiments of the subject disclosure. For instance, the communicationdevice 600 can include a slot for adding or removing an identity modulesuch as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card or Universal IntegratedCircuit Card (UICC). SIM or UICC cards can be used for identifyingsubscriber services, executing programs, storing subscriber data, and soon.

The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and so forth, as used in theclaims, unless otherwise clear by context, is for clarity only anddoesn't otherwise indicate or imply any order in time. For instance, “afirst determination,” “a second determination,” and “a thirddetermination,” does not indicate or imply that the first determinationis to be made before the second determination, or vice versa, etc.

In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “storage,” “datastore,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any otherinformation storage component relevant to operation and functionality ofa component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a“memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciatedthat the memory components described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory, or can comprise both volatile andnonvolatile memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatilememory, non-volatile memory, disk storage, and memory storage. Further,nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory (ROM),programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM),electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory cancomprise random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cachememory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available inmany forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM),synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhancedSDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methodsherein are intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising,these and any other suitable types of memory.

Moreover, it will be noted that the disclosed subject matter can bepracticed with other computer system configurations, comprisingsingle-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computingdevices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-heldcomputing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, smartphone, watch, tabletcomputers, netbook computers, etc.), microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like. Theillustrated aspects can also be practiced in distributed computingenvironments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices thatare linked through a communications network; however, some if not allaspects of the subject disclosure can be practiced on stand-alonecomputers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules canbe located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

In one or more embodiments, information regarding use of services can begenerated including services being accessed, media consumption history,user preferences, and so forth. This information can be obtained byvarious methods including user input, detecting types of communications(e.g., video content vs. audio content), analysis of content streams,sampling, and so forth. The generating, obtaining and/or monitoring ofthis information can be responsive to an authorization provided by theuser. In one or more embodiments, an analysis of data can be subject toauthorization from user(s) associated with the data, such as an opt-in,an opt-out, acknowledgement requirements, notifications, selectiveauthorization based on types of data, and so forth.

Some of the embodiments described herein can also employ artificialintelligence (AI) to facilitate automating one or more featuresdescribed herein. The embodiments (e.g., in connection withautomatically identifying acquired cell sites that provide a maximumvalue/benefit after addition to an existing communication network) canemploy various AI-based schemes for carrying out various embodimentsthereof. Moreover, the classifier can be employed to determine a rankingor priority of each cell site of the acquired network. A classifier is afunction that maps an input attribute vector, x=(x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . ,xn), to a confidence that the input belongs to a class, that is,f(x)=confidence (class). Such classification can employ a probabilisticand/or statistical-based analysis (e.g., factoring into the analysisutilities and costs) to determine or infer an action that a user desiresto be automatically performed. A support vector machine (SVM) is anexample of a classifier that can be employed. The SVM operates byfinding a hypersurface in the space of possible inputs, which thehypersurface attempts to split the triggering criteria from thenon-triggering events. Intuitively, this makes the classificationcorrect for testing data that is near, but not identical to trainingdata. Other directed and undirected model classification approachescomprise, e.g., naïve Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neuralnetworks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilistic classification modelsproviding different patterns of independence can be employed.Classification as used herein also is inclusive of statisticalregression that is utilized to develop models of priority.

As will be readily appreciated, one or more of the embodiments canemploy classifiers that are explicitly trained (e.g., via a generictraining data) as well as implicitly trained (e.g., via observing UEbehavior, operator preferences, historical information, receivingextrinsic information). For example, SVMs can be configured via alearning or training phase within a classifier constructor and featureselection module. Thus, the classifier(s) can be used to automaticallylearn and perform a number of functions, including but not limited todetermining according to predetermined criteria which of the acquiredcell sites will benefit a maximum number of subscribers and/or which ofthe acquired cell sites will add minimum value to the existingcommunication network coverage, etc.

As used in some contexts in this application, in some embodiments, theterms “component,” “system” and the like are intended to refer to, orcomprise, a computer-related entity or an entity related to anoperational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, whereinthe entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware andsoftware, software, or software in execution. As an example, a componentmay be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, aprocessor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution,computer-executable instructions, a program, and/or a computer. By wayof illustration and not limitation, both an application running on aserver and the server can be a component. One or more components mayreside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component maybe localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or morecomputers. In addition, these components can execute from variouscomputer readable media having various data structures stored thereon.The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such asin accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., datafrom one component interacting with another component in a local system,distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet withother systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be anapparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical partsoperated by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by asoftware or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein theprocessor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes atleast a part of the software or firmware application. As yet anotherexample, a component can be an apparatus that provides specificfunctionality through electronic components without mechanical parts,the electronic components can comprise a processor therein to executesoftware or firmware that confers at least in part the functionality ofthe electronic components. While various components have beenillustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiplecomponents can be implemented as a single component, or a singlecomponent can be implemented as multiple components, without departingfrom example embodiments.

Further, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method,apparatus or article of manufacture using standard programming and/orengineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware or anycombination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosedsubject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein isintended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device or computer-readable storage/communicationsmedia. For example, computer readable storage media can include, but arenot limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk,magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digitalversatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g.,card, stick, key drive). Of course, those skilled in the art willrecognize many modifications can be made to this configuration withoutdeparting from the scope or spirit of the various embodiments.

In addition, the words “example” and “exemplary” are used herein to meanserving as an instance or illustration. Any embodiment or designdescribed herein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to beconstrued as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments ordesigns. Rather, use of the word example or exemplary is intended topresent concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, theterm “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive“or”. That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from context, “Xemploys A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusivepermutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both Aand B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoinginstances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in thisapplication and the appended claims should generally be construed tomean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context tobe directed to a singular form.

Moreover, terms such as “user equipment,” “mobile station,” “mobile,”subscriber station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” “mobiledevice” (and/or terms representing similar terminology) can refer to awireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a wirelesscommunication service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video,sound, gaming or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. Theforegoing terms are utilized interchangeably herein and with referenceto the related drawings.

Furthermore, the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer” andthe like are employed interchangeably throughout, unless contextwarrants particular distinctions among the terms. It should beappreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automatedcomponents supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacityto make inference based, at least, on complex mathematical formalisms),which can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.

As employed herein, the term “processor” can refer to substantially anycomputing processing unit or device comprising, but not limited tocomprising, single-core processors; single-processors with softwaremultithread execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-coreprocessors with software multithread execution capability; multi-coreprocessors with hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; andparallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, aprocessor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), acomplex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistorlogic, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof designedto perform the functions described herein. Processors can exploitnano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular andquantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimizespace usage or enhance performance of user equipment. A processor canalso be implemented as a combination of computing processing units.

As used herein, terms such as “data storage,” data storage,” “database,”and substantially any other information storage component relevant tooperation and functionality of a component, refer to “memorycomponents,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprisingthe memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components orcomputer-readable storage media, described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory or can include both volatile andnonvolatile memory.

What has been described above includes mere examples of variousembodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe everyconceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes ofdescribing these examples, but one of ordinary skill in the art canrecognize that many further combinations and permutations of the presentembodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed and/orclaimed herein are intended to embrace all such alterations,modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope ofthe appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes”is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term isintended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as“comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in aclaim.

In addition, a flow diagram may include a “start” and/or “continue”indication. The “start” and “continue” indications reflect that thesteps presented can optionally be incorporated in or otherwise used inconjunction with other routines. In this context, “start” indicates thebeginning of the first step presented and may be preceded by otheractivities not specifically shown. Further, the “continue” indicationreflects that the steps presented may be performed multiple times and/ormay be succeeded by other activities not specifically shown. Further,while a flow diagram indicates a particular ordering of steps, otherorderings are likewise possible provided that the principles ofcausality are maintained.

As may also be used herein, the term(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupledto”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/orindirect coupling between items via one or more intervening items. Suchitems and intervening items include, but are not limited to, junctions,communication paths, components, circuit elements, circuits, functionalblocks, and/or devices. As an example of indirect coupling, a signalconveyed from a first item to a second item may be modified by one ormore intervening items by modifying the form, nature or format ofinformation in a signal, while one or more elements of the informationin the signal are nevertheless conveyed in a manner than can berecognized by the second item. In a further example of indirectcoupling, an action in a first item can cause a reaction on the seconditem, as a result of actions and/or reactions in one or more interveningitems.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and describedherein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement which achieves thesame or similar purpose may be substituted for the embodiments describedor shown by the subject disclosure. The subject disclosure is intendedto cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments.Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments notspecifically described herein, can be used in the subject disclosure.For instance, one or more features from one or more embodiments can becombined with one or more features of one or more other embodiments. Inone or more embodiments, features that are positively recited can alsobe negatively recited and excluded from the embodiment with or withoutreplacement by another structural and/or functional feature. The stepsor functions described with respect to the embodiments of the subjectdisclosure can be performed in any order. The steps or functionsdescribed with respect to the embodiments of the subject disclosure canbe performed alone or in combination with other steps or functions ofthe subject disclosure, as well as from other embodiments or from othersteps that have not been described in the subject disclosure. Further,more than or less than all of the features described with respect to anembodiment can also be utilized.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device for managing tasks in accordance withalertness levels, comprising: a processing system including a processor;and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed bythe processing system, facilitate performance of operations, theoperations comprising: identifying a first level of alertness of a userat a first point in time; predicting a second level of alertness that isrequired by the user to operate a machine at a second point in time thatis subsequent to the first point in time; identifying a first type of afirst notification based on a comparison between the first level ofalertness and the second level of alertness; identifying a third pointin time to provide the first notification based on the comparison,wherein the third point in time is subsequent to the first point in timeand prior to the second point in time; and providing the firstnotification at the third point in time.
 2. The device of claim 1,wherein the identifying of the first level of alertness of the user isbased on data obtained from a plurality of sensors, wherein theplurality of sensors includes a microphone, and wherein the dataincludes an acoustic characteristic of the user as obtained by themicrophone.
 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the microphone is includedin a mobile communication device associated with the user.
 4. The deviceof claim 2, wherein the acoustic characteristic is associated with acommunication session at least partially executed by a mobilecommunication device of the user.
 5. The device of claim 1, wherein theidentifying of the first level of alertness of the user is based on ananalysis of data, and wherein the data is based on a presentation of amedia content item by the machine.
 6. The device of claim 1, wherein theuser is remotely located from the machine.
 7. The device of claim 1,wherein the identifying of the first type of the first notification isfurther based on a profile of the user, and wherein the identifying ofthe third point in time is further based on the profile of the user. 8.The device of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:obtaining data from a plurality of sensors at a fourth point in timethat is subsequent to the second point in time; analyzing the data toidentify a third level of alertness of the user; predicting a fourthlevel of alertness that is required by the user to operate the machineat a fifth point in time that is subsequent to the fourth point in timeidentifying a second type of a second notification based on a comparisonbetween the third level of alertness and the fourth level of alertness;identifying a sixth point in time to provide the second notificationbased on the comparison between the third level of alertness and thefourth level of alertness, wherein the sixth point in time is subsequentto the fourth point in time and prior to the fifth point in time; andproviding the second notification at the sixth point in time.
 9. Thedevice of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise: recording aresponse of the user in connection with an operation of the machine togenerate a recorded response.
 10. The device of claim 9, wherein theidentifying of the second type of the second notification is furtherbased on the recorded response, and wherein the identifying of the sixthpoint in time is further based on the recorded response.
 11. The deviceof claim 8, wherein the first type and the second type are differenttypes.
 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the operations furthercomprise: obtaining data from a plurality of sensors, wherein a sensorincluded in the plurality of sensors is associated with a secondmachine, wherein the identifying of the first type of the firstnotification is further based on the data.
 13. The device of claim 12,wherein the identifying of the third point in time is further based onthe data.
 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the operations furthercomprise: obtaining a first response of the user, the machine, or acombination thereof, at a fourth point in time that is subsequent to thethird point in time; processing the first response to generate asuggestion for operating the machine, the second machine, or acombination thereof; and providing the suggestion to the machine, thesecond machine, or the combination thereof.
 15. A non-transitorymachine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, whenexecuted by a processing system including a processor, facilitateperformance of operations for managing tasks in accordance withalertness levels, the operations comprising: identifying a first levelof alertness of a user; predicting a first operation needed of amachine, wherein the first operation occurs subsequent to theidentifying of the first level of alertness of the user, resulting in apredicted operation; identifying a second level of alertness required ofthe user to perform the predicted operation; responsive to determiningthat the user is insufficiently alert to perform the predicted operationin accordance with the first level of alertness and the second level ofalertness: identifying a second operation to be performed in lieu of thefirst operation or in conjunction with the first operation; andresponsive to determining that the user is sufficiently alert to performthe predicted operation in accordance with the first level of alertnessand the second level of alertness: identifying a notification to provideto the user, resulting in an identified notification; and providing theidentified notification to the user.
 16. The non-transitorymachine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations furthercomprise: responsive to determining that the user is sufficiently alertto perform the predicted operation in accordance with the first level ofalertness and the second level of alertness: identifying a time when toprovide the identified notification to the user, resulting in anidentified time, wherein the providing of the identified notification tothe user comprises providing the identified notification at theidentified time.
 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim15, wherein the machine includes a vehicle, and wherein the secondoperation is an automated operation that is performed by the vehiclewithout assistance of the user.
 18. The non-transitory machine-readablemedium of claim 17, wherein the second operation comprises re-routingthe vehicle from a first route to a destination to a second route to thedestination, and wherein the second route is different from the firstroute.
 19. A method for managing tasks in accordance with alertnesslevels, comprising: predicting, by a processing system including aprocessor, an operation required of a first user to assist in aperformance of a primary task at a first point in time, resulting in apredicted operation; determining, by the processing system and at asecond point in time that is prior to the first point in time, that thefirst user is engaged in the primary task in an amount that is greaterthan a first threshold; and responsive to the determining that the firstuser is engaged in the primary task in an amount that is greater thanthe first threshold: identifying a notification to provide to the firstuser in relation to the predicted operation; identifying a third pointin time that is subsequent to the second point in time and prior to thefirst point in time; and providing the notification to the first user atthe third point in time.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the firstuser is located proximal to a machine, wherein the primary task includesoperating the machine, wherein the machine includes a display device anda speaker, and wherein the method further comprises: identifying, by theprocessing system, that the first user is engaged in a secondary taskduring the primary task, wherein the secondary task includes: acommunication session via a communication device, a discussion with asecond user that is located proximal to the machine, a presentation ofmedia via the display device, the speaker, or a combination thereof, orany combination thereof; and determining, by the processing system, alevel of engagement of the first user in the secondary task inaccordance with the identifying of the secondary task and in accordancewith a profile of the first user, wherein the determining that the firstuser is engaged in the primary task in an amount that is greater thanthe first threshold is based on the determining of the level ofengagement of the first user in the secondary task.